Essay about Research Critical Analysis - 1817 Words

Journal Article Evaluation: Barinaga, E. (2007) ‘Cultural diversity’ at work: ‘National culture’ as a discourse organizing an international project group, Human Relations, 60(2): 315-340. Ester Barinaga’s paper on multinational work teams and how they organize themselves using ‘national culture’ and ‘cultural diversity’ as discursive resources is critically discussed, with special attention paid to the limitations of her research approach. This review proceeds as follows. First, the theoretical framework is briefly outlined in which Barinaga embeds the specific angle of her research project. Then follows a critical description of the international team she followed, her chosen method of observation and the findings she presents.†¦show more content†¦While she clearly positions her research approach within the wider framework of the field, she fails to mention the Global Leadership and Organizational Behaviour Effectiveness Research Project (GLOBE) initiated by R. House (House et al., 2002). Although its large-scale, quantitative research approach differs from her ethnographic study and takes on the positivist stance she is arg uing against, it deserves mentioning as both research projects explore the impact of cultural diversity on organizational processes in multinational work teams. Research Approach Using the term discourse as coined by Foucault (1980), Barinaga explores in-depth how team members make sense of their daily group life by way of their discourse on ‘cultural diversity’. To gain insight into the â€Å"actors’ construction of themselves and others† (Baszanger Dodier, 1997, in Barinaga, 2007), she therefore chose ethnographic research methods to collect a comprehensive body of qualitative data on one work team with members from five different countries. She closely followed every workshop and communication between meetings over a course of 17 month and recorded meetings, interviewed team members individually and collected all documents produced by or passed around in the group. Additionally she asked each team member via e-mailShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of Research Articles1808 Words   |  8 PagesThis work will discuss a critical analysis of two articles that will be used within my research proposal. 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(2015): â€Å"The Customer Isn’t Always Right – Conservation and Animal Welfare Implications of the Increasing Demand for Wildlife Tourism† 1) Critical Analysis Introduction In the above paper, Moorhouse et al. aim to independently assess different types of non-consumptive Wildlife Tourist Attraction (WTA), excluding zoos, for their implications on species conservation and welfare. They also compare the opinions of visitors to the attractionsRead MoreQuantitative Study of Understanding Nursing Research: A Critical Analysis1002 Words   |  4 PagesHead: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF A QUANTITATIVE STUDY Critical Analysis of a Quantitative Study Introduction A critical analysis of a research involves a strategy to evaluate the components of a research study and determines the strengths and weakness associated with a research. Objective of this research is to prepare a critical analysis of a quantitative study of the article Understanding Nursing Research (Burns Grove 2011) focusing on the problem statement, data collection, data analysis, protectionRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis For An International Crisis Happening Thousands Miles Away Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesMethodology Critical discourse analysis For an international crisis happening thousands miles away, it is not sufficient to be understood without acknowledging itself as a mediated complex. From critical linguistics perspective, Fowler (1991/2013) believes â€Å"news is socially constructed. What events are reported is not a reflection of intrinsic importance of those events, but reveals the operation of a complex and artificial set of criteria for selection† (p. 2). â€Å"The news media select events for

Mechanics Of Cricoids Pressure Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Cricoids force per unit area is used to temporarily obstruct the upper terminal of the gorge. Cricoids force per unit area was described by Sellick in 1961 as a method to cut down the hazard of aspiration during exigency anesthetic initiation and has become the standard attention during rapid sequence initiation. Before the everyday usage of cricoids force per unit area, maternal decease from inspiration of tummy contents was the taking cause of decease from anesthesia in England and Wales[ 2 ]. We will write a custom essay sample on Mechanics Of Cricoids Pressure Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now After Sellick ‘s article, cricoids force per unit area was incorporated into overall attack to minimising the hazard of aspiration. Evidence that cricoids force per unit area is effectual came a decennary subsequently from four corpses ‘ surveies and from instance studies of regurgitation seen on release of cricoids force per unit area after tracheal cannulation. Cricoids force per unit area should be performed during resuscitation when endotracheal cannulation is delayed or non possible, peculiarly when patients are manually ventilated via bag and mask. Cricoids force per unit area should be performed during initiation of anesthesia for both exigency surgery ( full tummy ) and for elected surgery when lower oesophageal sphincter is likely to be unqualified, ( e.g. last half of gestation or gastro oesophageal reflux disease possible ) , and in patients with delayed gastric voidance ( e.g. diabetic autonomic neuropathy ) .[ 3 ] Mechanicss of Cricoids Pressure The cricoids gristle is the lone upper airway cartilaginous construction that is a complete ring. The lower part of the cricoids gristle is where the gorge begins. In executing cricoids force per unit area, one must use backwards force per unit area on gristle that will compact the gorge to its implicit in vertebral organic structure ( normally C5 ) . Theoretically, this will obstruct the oesophageal lms, forestalling the transition of regurgitated stomachic contents into throat and subsequent aspiration into the pneumonic tree[ 4 ]. Based on several surveies, 44 N ( 9.81 N = 1kg = 2.2lbs ) has become accepted as the gilded criterion for the bar of regurgitation in grownups[ 5 ]while the force per unit area suggested to be applied in kids is between 22.4 and 25.1 N[ 6 ]. Application Sellick1 described the patient place for the application of cricoid gristle force per unit area as supine with the caput somewhat down and with the caput and cervix to the full extended as if positioned for tonsillectomy. The anterior convexness of the cervical spinal column in this place may help oesophageal occlusion but can do laryngoscopy hard[ 7 ]. One-hand Method The standard cricoids force per unit area as described by Sellick was carried out as a individual handed technique with anterior force per unit area being applied maintaining the index finger on the gristle with pollex and in-between finger on either side of the gristle at that place by forestalling sidelong motion of the cricoids1. The disadvantage of this technique is that the drawn-out cervix will be given to fall in the arch and leas to flexure of the caput on the cervix. The position of glottis is therefore reduced and lingua blocks the throat[ 8 ]. Another individual handed method has been described by Cowling where the thenar of the manus was placed on the breastbone and cricoids force per unit area was applied by index and in-between finger[ 9 ].These alterations still did non win in forestalling deformation of the laryngoscopy position, hence a two-handed cricoids force per unit area was proposed and was described by different writers. Two-hands / Bimanual Method Baxter suggested that the two handed technique would increase the efficaciousness of esophageal occlusion[ 10 ]. The cricoids force per unit area is performed as with the unassisted technique except the helper ‘s other manus provides antagonistic force per unit area beneath the cervical vertebrae thereby back uping the neck8 in the absence of a pillow. The purpose is to increase the support of the drawn-out arch of vertebral column so as to acquire an optimal laryngoscopic position every bit good as maintain effectual cricoids force per unit area. But there were grounds stating that the glottis position may besides be interfered therefore taking to technique alteration. Williamson placed the left manus behind the patient ‘s caput[ 11 ]while Wraight hold the patient ‘s caput in extension[ 12 ].Brimacombe5 et al suggested the usage of a contra-cricoid-cuboid assistance to ease extension of the cervix. The Cricoid Yoke To assist clinicians use the equal sum of force per unit area on the cricoids gristle and to maintain the helper ‘s custodies off from the laryngoscopic field, Lawes et Al[ 13 ]has developed the cricoids yoke. This device was applied to the cricoid gristle via a moulded sponge shock absorber, and gently depressed against the patient without custodies, to increase the incidence of decently applied cricoids force per unit area. The yoke when used by persons with no anaesthetically experience produced consequences that were equal to consequences seen when experient operators applied manual cricoids force per unit area. The use besides will avoid inordinate forces or compaction of the incorrect anatomical site. Lawes13 besides indicated no laryngeal deformation, even in bad patients when the cricoids yoke is in usage. But, the handiness and cost among other factors were the grounds why the cricoid yoke did non derive popularity and manual cricoids force per unit area has become the pillar of pattern[ 14 ]. Contraindications3 There are several contraindications to the usage of cricoids force per unit area including injury to anterior cervix which may interfere with specifying the landmarks. Unstable cervical spinal column hurt could increase hazards of neck motion but can be performed if a bi-manual technique has been practiced. Using cricoids force per unit area might non be suited with patient actively purging as it will increase the hazard of oesophageal rupture. Harmonizing to The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation ( ILCOR ) guidelines, the cricoid force per unit area is merely to be applied every bit shortly as an excess ( 3rd ) savior arrives where if merely one or two saviors are present, airway and take a breathing are higher precedences. Cricoids force per unit area sometimes could do hard cannulation as it may curtail laryngoscopic position, particularly likely if applied falsely. THE DILEMMA Complications The inauspicious effects range from minor effects like sickness, purging, minimum haemodynamic changes to severe complications like esophageal rupture, complete air passage obstructor and break of the cricoid cartilage14. Based on Risk Benefit Analysis by Ellis et al4, there were grounds saying the complications still could happen despite using the force per unit area, but there are no definite grounds on why this is happening ( either due to improper applications of the techniques, or the techniques itself ) . Failed to forestall Aspiration 11-14 % of anesthesiologist[ 15 ]and 11 % of operating section helpers and anesthetic nurses[ 16 ]had witnessed regurgitation with cricoids force per unit area applied Medico-legal claim in United States reported that aspiration occurred in 67 instances despite the application of cricoids force per unit area in 17 of these[ 17 ] Anatomically Displaced 49 % of the CT scan reappraisal retrospectively indicated sidelong supplanting of the gorge[ 18 ] 53 % of the MRI scans review prospectively showed sidelong supplanting of the gorge[ 19 ] Effectss on Mask Ventilation Based on 10 published articles, cricoids force per unit area did cut down tidal volumes, addition extremum inspiratory force per unit area or prevented airing There are besides 2 instance studies depicting complete air passage obstructor with cricoids force per unit area.[ 20 ]21 Effectss on Insertion and Function of LMA Brimacombe concluded that cricoids force per unit area reduces successful interpolation ( from 94 % to 67 % ) and besides impedes tracheal cannulation through LMA ( from 76 % to 40 % ) 5 In patient with can non cannulate and can non air out state of affairss, release cricoids force per unit area is recommended Ruptured gorges Ralph and Wareham reported a instance of oesophageal rupture in 81 years-old adult female who began purging against the force of cricoids force per unit area applied before the patient lost consciousness[ 22 ]. Vanner and Pryle observed oesophageal rupture in 3 corpses ( 30 % )[ 23 ] Cricoids Cartilage Fracture 3 reported instances with 1 instance led to fatal airway obstructor while the other 2 instances caused supplanting of cricoids gristle with known old hurt[ 24 ],[ 25 ],[ 26 ] Cervical Spine Movement 2 surveies reported a important motion of the spinal column[ 27 ],[ 28 ] Confusions, Knowledge, Attitude of Clinicians In a national postal study on the pattern of RSI, of 220 respondents ( staff anesthesiologists 60 % , occupants 40 % ) , wholly reported to utilize cricoids force per unit area during rapid sequence initiation[ 29 ]. It shows the cosmopolitan credence of the cricoids force per unit area use, but in really variable manner of making it. Confusions The Pressure ( N ) The standard force per unit area to be applied on the cricoids gristle is still a large argument. With the less usage of the cricoids yoke, the manual cricoids force per unit area application brings a broad assortment to clinicians in finding how much force per unit area to set on. The initial force of 44 N was recommended by Wraight et al12. Vanner so came with preciseness of 20 N to be applied before patient loss consciousness and full force ( 40 N ) at the oncoming of anesthesia[ 30 ]. But in 1999, Vanner and Asai recommend 10 N for the awake patient and increasing to 30 N one time the patient is unconscious[ 31 ]. The Technique Cricoids force per unit area should non be confused with optimum external laryngeal use ( OELM ) or rearward upward right force per unit area ( BURP ) on the thyroid gristle which is used to better visual image of the vocal cords when intubating3. Cognition Several survey-based surveies have examined the cognition of clinicians towards the applications of the cricoids force per unit area, theoretically and practically. These surveies has come to conclusion demoing that the bulk doctors, nurses and other forces related to rapid sequence initiation are unable to use cricoids force per unit area right. For illustration, a survey by Koziol et Al showed that merely 5 % of 102 perioperative nurses could indentify the right sum of force to use while the other 78.5 % and 16.5 % were underestimated and overestimated, severally[ 32 ]. Attitude Despite giving preparation to the clinicians, a followed-up survey showed that clinicians are unable to retain the improved accomplishments after 3 months post developing[ 33 ]. Decision The individual publication by Sellick changed anaesthetic direction worldwide. In many parts of the Earth, cricoid force per unit area is considered compulsory portion of a rapid sequence initiation particularly in high hazard of regurgitation patient. But the current evidence-based medical specialties do non supply a convincing support sing the widespread usage of cricoids force per unit area to forestall aspiration. On the other manus, there is besides no strong grounds to propose that cricoids force per unit area causes injury. More randomized controlled tests should be conducted to look at the necessity of cricoids force per unit area contraption. Meanwhile, confusions, cognition and attitudes of clinicians should be address clearly to supply a decently applied cricoids force per unit area to ease cannulation with rapid sequence initiation while waiting the definite reply towards cricoids force per unit area quandary. How to cite Mechanics Of Cricoids Pressure Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Defining character free essay sample

There Is always the burning question of life about who and what makes something real, something true. Having to determine what will make a passion In life Into something more, Into a life long dream come true, or a life long lesson In the way of living. That my friend, Is the burning question In every decision made, every choice forgotten, and so forth. Do sports create and define a persons character, and does that sport, or can that sport make them a good person? The answer lies in the holder f the question. Sports of all kinds can all leave impressions of different values, hence why some athletes are hostile and why some are humble. The way the athlete learns and takes the lessons learned throughout the sport is up to the athlete and the athlete alone. Passion is an obvious contributor, as well as ambition and determination. What Is passion, and who defines how much passion Is needed to be completely Indulged Into something? Passion Is a reason to do everything In ones power to maintain the necessarily needed to keep doing that passion. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining character or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every athlete has this passion, to some degree. Without it, why would the athlete be in the sport in the first place? Learning to prioritize and organize ones life around a passion is a defining moment of character. It is something that continues with ones self throughout an entire lifetime. Without passion one would simply give up, never try to better oneself, or continue to strive for greatness. That passion for success is a character trait that in some degree can make one a better person, depending on how the person chooses o reach that success.Again, the sport can give one all the lessons in the world to make one a better person, but it is up to that person to utilize and put to good use to make those lessons a defining character structure. Athletes all around the world have their ups and downs. A wrestler could be hating life because they have to make weight, but feel like making the weight will never happen. A baseball player could be so frustrated on his curve ball because its not going how he wants it, so he might give up.Or a golfer might be fed up with avian patience that they want to throw their club in the sand and leave. All theses struggles and more, can go through an athletes mind everyday, but what can make them stop and say, I can do this. I will succeed, I want this enough, so I will make it happen. That, my peers, is what ambition is for. The single driving force to keep you motivated, to keep you In check to success. Ambition will forever play a part in everyones life, without It there would be no new innovators, creators or thinkers.What would the world be Like without someones ambition to make the world a better ND finest place. This trait Is and can carry you In life with work, friends, family, and of course sports. Championship tournament that I trained everyday for five to six hours. I would do strength training, cardiac and endurance training, along with the usual wrestling drilling, and then more strength and endurance training. Everyday, for months, with one thought in mind through the pain and agony. I will be a placer at CSS this year, and I can do it.All of this hard work that I put into my training and lifestyle, giving up nun food for only healthy and bountiful food, for this title. It all was because I had determination, I was driven towards this idea of taking a title. I did end up placing, not first place like I had wanted, but second place. It was a bittersweet moment, but I knew it was not because I had failed in the gym, or in the wrestling room. It had been another part that I let get to me. My emotions, my mindset that had cost me the months of hard work for a second place title.Either way, the determination I had has stuck with me, in everything I do. With school I do my absolute best to make sure what I present is at its best, at work I make sure I do my absolute best because I know its an expectation that can be achieved. All through my determination, that is a defining charter trait, that in my opinion makes me a good person Again, sports can make a person a good character, but it all depend on how that person handles the lessons learned through the sport, and how they use it in their everyday life. For some it can cause hostility, anger, frustration, and absolute hate. For others it can make them driven, ambitious, determined passionate people that make a difference in their lives as well as others. It Just depends on how these people take their sports, into their seriousnesss, and realities. One cannot be an athlete without passion, Just as one cannot be a successful person without determination. And, passion and determination o hand in hand in a sunset of success,. You can either take what you learn from any sport you do, and make something great of what youve learned, or not. Life may give you lemons for lemonade, but its up to you to squeeze them.